On an insect walk guided by Karen Richards we went and looked at the larvae of the dogwood sawfly. They have fly in their common name, but they are actually wasps. We found them curled up on the underside of red-osier dogwood leaves where they hide out and rest during the day. At night when it is safer from predators, they will come out to eat the leaves. Starting at the end of the limb and working downward, the leaves were completely eaten. Where the leaves were only partially chewed, we found the larvae were usually resting underneath. The shrub wasn’t completely infested. There was only a few branches where they could be found. The larvae were all white with a little cotton-like fluff on their bodies. It was like they had on a fleece to keep them warm at night. This fleece is molted as the larva enters its last instar and becomes green with black spots on the upperside of its body and yellow on the underside. Soon the larvae will drop down to the ground and create a chamber in the soil or soft wood to pupate. It will overwinter in the pupal stage and emerge as an adult in the spring. From photos online, the adult wasps were black or amber with antennae and feet that were white on the end. The female uses her ovipositor to saw or cut into the edge of a dogwood leaf or stem, hence the common name. She then inserts her fertilized eggs into the small opening. When the eggs hatch out, the larvae will begin feeding on the leaves.
The ground around the red osier dogwood where these larvae were found can often be flooded during the winter during rainy periods. Either the larvae know to seek out areas to pupate that are above the water or the cocoons are able to withstand being submerged in water temporarily.